It is a difficult endeavor, indeed, to try to pin down exactly what kind of a novel Cryptonomicon is trying to be. It is fiction, but it is based on real mathematical theories and proven formulae. It is historical, but it is also modern. Its 900 pages contain elements of romance, comedy, adventure, computer programming, history, and a tremendous amount of mind-bending storytelling.
At its core, Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon is an adventure that spans from just before World War II to then-present 1999. It involves three major protagonists (and, later in the novel, a fourth) and a plethora of minor characters spanning two generations in war- and postwar time America, the Pacific and Europe. Describing the plot without re-writing the book itself is nigh impossible. The best way I can describe it, on a very simple level in broad strokes, is that it is about the human mathematical prodigies who designed executed some of the most incredibly complicated math-based code systems (and code-breaking systems) ever conceived and the ramifications of those codes on then-current (circa 1945-ish) events and the future events (circa 1998-1999), drawn in a meandering, sprawling, far-flung line through history.
Perhaps the novel's greatest strength (and some may argue weakness) is that Stephenson allows the story to evolve through the progression of chapters. This is not, I repeat NOT, by any means, a strictly linear story. It is not a static plot. It does not start at point A and proceed directly to point Z. However, allow me to be clear: this is not a Shyamalan story; there are no 90-degree turns here. Instead, Stephenson likes to keep the story moving fast, but he leaves enough bread crumbs that the reader isn't lost in the woods alone. One of his literary mechanisms is to rotate chapters, each in succession telling another piece of the story concerning the three (four) major protagonists. This creates a rather resilient web that changes shape to suit the story. I can provide a number of specific examples but to describe them even in minor detail a) would take far too long and b) may result in spoilers. Suffice to say that as a reader, one is pleasantly kept on guard for the next turn. Indeed, Stephenson doesn't take himself too seriously, and because of that, the story is kept lighthearted most of the time, even during tragedy, and moves quickly.
The quick pace is accomplished, as I said, not by having the story progress from A to Z, but by placing the reader inside a web of patches of story. Each one is very small, but fits inextricably into the larger framework. Perhaps, if I had to make a small criticism, it is that Stephenson takes the concept of time and compresses it whenever it suits him; this results in minor occasional disorientation. In one story patch a character can be on a journey that lasts several months, but it takes place over paragraphs. In another scrap, a small event can be described in complete detail, with exquisite attention paid to the most excruciating minutiae. For example, a character's (admittedly fascinating) trip to the dentist is granted its own entire chapter and serves no real purpose in advancing the story; it's there, though, to develop character. Likewise, a character travels literally around the world and the process is described in less than three pages. Time is a flexible commodity in Stephenson's world and it does take some time to acquaint oneself with the process.
Despite the fact that Cryptonomicon was published in 1999, it is technically a spiritual successor to Stephenson's grand opus, The Baroque Cycle (being comprised of the three mega-novels Quicksilver, The Confusion, and The System of the World). I originally read Cryptonomicon over the course of two months sometime around three or four years ago. I'll admit now that there were elements in the novel that I just did not understand - large elements of the story seemed totally alien to me. I enjoyed it, but I can't say that I really understood it. I liked the novel enough that I went back and read Stephenson's other works, including Snow Crash (which I may have to go back and re-read, as I'm not sure I understood that one, either, but still a mighty enjoyable cyberpunk in a very Gibson-esque way) and the fairly ok The Diamond Age, both of which were admittedly easier to understand but not as biting, not as immediately sharp as Cryptonomicon.
Apparently immediately after he finished Cryptonomicon, Stephenson began writing his Baroque Cycle - in longhand. Two thousand seven hundred pages later he had created a story of a magnitude that I had not previously encountered. I'm not speaking necessarily in the sense of look-how-heavy-these-books-are; instead, I mean the sheer scale and breadth and depth of character development and plot and fast-paced story he was able to construct inside a plot as convoluted and turning and patchwork as Crypto except way more involved. At any rate, I've reviewed that work in earlier posts.
I recently went back and re-read Crypto and it was as if I was reading a different book. A better book, even, than I had remembered. The exciting thing is that there were many things that were paid off during the course of 1945- and 1999-era Crypto that Stephenson had planted way back in the 1650- and 1715-era Baroque. The reader didn't know that they were being paid off, though, until Stephenson wrote the next three mega-novels (spiritual prequels, or sorts) after he had written the last book in the quadrilogy. In particular, we find that the two major families - the Waterhouses and the Shaftoes - are ineludibly entangled throughout the course of history. In a sly (and, now that I understand it, tremendously exciting) aside, one of the characters, when asked about this relationship in the course of the story, says that "[t]he connections make a very long story. I would have to write a whole fucking book."
It's clear that Stephenson had had these ideas already worked up - at least in rudimentary form - when he was writing Cryptonomicon and took five long years to pay them off (in reverse, actually) in The Baroque Cycle. One of my favorites directly involves a certain set of certain weapons, which I literally cannot descibe without spoiling anything. Stephenson reveals this so casually and in such an offhand manner that it almost slips by - the reveal isn't even a sentence long and is never mentioned again - but that it exists is testament to his dedication to intricate storytelling.
So what does this all mean? On its surface, Cryptonomicon is a tremendously entertaining book, although the hard math is still, to this day, totally bewildering. Also totally baffling to me are the bits of (real, functional) Perl script that Stephenson occasionally weaves into the text. Overall, though, it's an amazing read.
What makes it more amazing, though, as I said, are the three books that come before (came after) it. Really, I think the best way to experience Cryptonomicon is to read it once, then read the entire The Baroque Cycle, and then go back and re-read Cryptonomicon. This, (un)fortunately means devouring 4,500 pages, which would result in a pile of softcover reading materials stacked about eight inches high if laid flat on top of each other. If I had a full-time job reading books, I estimate it would take me about a calendar year.
But it would be totally worth it.
PS - in the course of researching this article I learned two new words, one of which applies to both Stephenson and another of my favorite authors, David Foster Wallace, and the other to a character in The Diamond Age.)
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